tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46559155325593400902024-02-21T00:47:24.132-08:00Linguisticseing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-5384821018945846782012-03-04T21:33:00.000-08:002012-03-11T21:44:23.232-07:00REFLECTION ON PRESENTATION TASK 1<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">My group had done our presentation on how urban setting could affect
English language. I feel so nervous
during the presentation but I was so happy because I had prepared myself before
the presentation and I had done my best for it. But I had promise myself that I
going to improve myself from time to time. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are four area that we had
cover which are school, family, media and tuition that can affect English
language urban area. I had present on
how school at urban area could affect English language. Students need to change
their negative attitude towards the learning of English to a positive one.
Attitudinal variables can affect the learning of the second language. Local studies
like Subramaniam’s(1976) shows students in urban areas have a positive attitude
towards English, therefore they can acquire better proficiency of English than
students in rural areas.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Urban students realize English
language as a global language and they have been encouraged to speak English.
We can see that some school had made a duty roster to supervise and regulate
English speaking situations. Announcements in school assemblies are bilingual
(Malay and English for a start). Students at school are encourage to plan their
daily English activities. For example, they have English logbooks to write
their thoughts and feelings. All students have to take turns to compose essays
and poems in English. Notice boards have English compositions, proverbs and new
vocabularies. Grammar quiz, Vocabulary Contest, Spelling bee, English mail,
English sketch, singing and drama, educational trips and visits to English
speaking factories, office and higher institutions are encouraged and other
creative activities. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">They take the initiative to lead
and not wait for English teachers to suggest new plans to help them. They are
empowered to organize, plan and implement activities. The school authorities
guide them, not discourage them so that a positive and supportive approach will
help change the current negative attitude towards the learning of English.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Besides, motivation from other
subject teachers and administration is very important and they did not ignore
their students. School administrators always using English books as rewards
like the best staff, best disciplined students and the most diligent teacher so
as to make students aware of the importance of English and hence motivate them
to learn English. So, we can see that most urban students are proficient in
English Language. </span></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-18580122107473905912012-02-18T21:21:00.000-08:002012-03-11T21:44:39.883-07:00REFLECTION WEEK 7<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">We have prepared our next activities for our project </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">on language games about word formation on week 6 as our lecturer was not
around at this week. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> A language game is a </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">philosophical</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept" title="Concept"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">concept</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> developed
by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Ludwig Wittgenstein</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, referring to simple examples of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" title="Language"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">language</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> use and the actions into which the language is woven.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After some discussion with my group member, we
have decided to do a language game about compound word. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In week 7 we had learned about
Word Structure and Word Formation. Word structures are like breaking down a
word to understand its meaning. Where we can break it down to separate the <span class="yshortcuts">prefix</span>, the base/root word, and the suffix. For
example: <i>Uncool- </i>the prefix is un
and the base/root word is cool. un means not, so the word means not cool. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">linguistics</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, word formation is the creation of a new </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word" title="Word"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">word</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_change" title="Semantic change"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">semantic
change</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, which is a change
in a single word's meaning. The line between word formation and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_change" title="Semantic change"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">semantic
change</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is sometimes a bit
blurry; what one person views as a new use of an old word, another person might
view as a new word derived from an old one and identical to it in form; <i>see</i>
</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_%28linguistics%29" title="Conversion (linguistics)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Conversion (linguistics)</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Word formation can also be contrasted with the
formation of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">idiomatic</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> expressions, though sometimes words can form from
multi-word phrases; <i>see</i> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_%28linguistics%29" title="Compound (linguistics)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Compound (linguistics)</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incorporation_%28linguistics%29" title="Incorporation (linguistics)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Incorporation (linguistics)</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Have you ever experienced <i>textpectation</i>?
According to the </span><a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Urban Dictionary</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, that's "the anticipation one feels when waiting for a response to a
text message." To a linguist, <i>textpectation</i> is an example of a </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/blendterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">blend</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> or (in Lewis Carroll's more fanciful phrase) a </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/portmanterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">portmanteau word</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Blending is just one of the many ways that new words enter our language.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 35.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In fact, most new words are actually old words
in different forms or with fresh functions. This process of creating new words
out of old ones is called </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/derivterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">derivation</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">--and the six of the most common varieties
are affixation, </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/backformterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">back formation</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/blendterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">blending</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clippingterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">clipping</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/compoundingterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">compounding</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/conversterm.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">conversion</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. English has many words that have been lost from daily vocabulary, though
they live on in dictionaries and sometimes deserve to be revived.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Besides, we had conducted our
language game that we have prepared which is on compound word. Word games are
spoken or board games often designed to test ability with language or to
explore its properties. Word games are generally engaged as a source of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">entertainment</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, but have been found to serve an </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education" title="Education"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">educational</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> purpose as well. For instance, young children can
find enjoyment playing modestly </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition" title="Competition"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">competitive</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> games such as </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangman_%28game%29" title="Hangman (game)"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Hangman</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, while naturally developing important language skills
like spelling. Solving </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword" title="Crossword"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">crossword</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> puzzles, which requires familiarity with a larger </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">vocabulary</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, is a pastime that mature adults have long credited
with keeping their minds sharp. There are popular </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television" title="Television"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">televised</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> word games with valuable monetary </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize" title="Prize"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">prizes</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> for the winning </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contestant" title="Contestant"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">contestants</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Many word games enjoy </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International" title="International"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">international</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> popularity across a multitude of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" title="Language"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">languages</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, whilst some are unique to </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">English</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-speakers. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Every
group had done their best by preparing a creative game for this project. I really enjoy this section because I had
learned a lot of thing from it. Moreover, I learned lots of new vocabulary by
searching the dictionary. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-55444677015573926542012-02-15T21:29:00.000-08:002012-03-11T21:44:54.197-07:00ACTIVITY ON TREE DIAGRAM<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 35.4pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tree diagrams are most often drawn above the item
being diagrammed. A tree consists of nodes. A node has a label, for example NP
for noun phrase, VP for verb phrase, and so on. The node at the very top of the
tree, the one from which all the others ultimately derive, is called the root
of the tree. The nodes are connected by lines, known as edges. The terminal
nodes of our diagrams, the ones without any children, are known as the leaves
of the tree. They will contain labels for the word categories of each word.
Every sentence can he analysed at four distinct form levels: the word-level,
the phrase-level, the clause-level and the sentence- level. And this is called
the rank scale.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I have prepared a worksheet which consists of 2
sentences to be analysed using tree diagram and I have exchange my worksheet with
my partner Christine Jane. I have to correct up worksheet that done by my
partner with my own answer scheme. It was quite hard to prepare a worksheet
where I have to make sure that my partner can answer the worksheet that was
prepared by me. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Through this activity, I get more confident in learning sentence structure
where I have learned a lot of thing from my partner and the mistakes that I had
done. I think </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">it is very important as a future English teacher to
master the sentence structure in order to produce a good writing in English
language.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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</div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-20056698377168250392012-02-11T21:04:00.000-08:002012-03-11T21:45:10.640-07:00REFLECTION WEEK 6<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This week our lecturer was not around. So, we have prepare our next
activities for our project </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">on language games about word formation.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> A language game
is a philosophical concept</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, referring to
simple examples of language </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">use and the actions into which the
language is woven. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After some discussion with my group member, we
have decided to do a language game about compound word. </span>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-36542407153046414092012-02-04T04:14:00.002-08:002012-03-11T21:45:28.780-07:00Reflection week 5<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In week 5 we have been introduced to morphemes. Basically, the word
“Grammar” in linguistics can be taken to mean the entire system of describing
the structure of a language from its sound system to its meaning system or just
the organization (form) of words (morphology) and arrangement of these words
into sentences (syntax). From the lecture that I get for week 5, I found that
morpheme is the minimal units of grammatical analysis/function. Thus morphology
is the study of morpheme of a language. The morpheme is the unit that combines
with other morpheme to form the next functional unit, the <b>word</b>. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For example :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 423.6pt;" valign="top" width="565"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Happy (adj) live (verb) please
(verb) man (noun)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Un</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">happy (adj) live<span style="color: red;">ly </span>(adj) <span style="color: red;">dis</span>please (verb) man<span style="color: red;">ly</span> (adj)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Happi<span style="color: red;">ness</span>
(noun) live<span style="color: red;">li</span><span style="color: #c0504d;">hood </span>(noun) pleas<span style="color: red;">ant</span>
(adj) man<span style="color: red;">hood</span> (noun)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/EhiC15nEfAU?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Under the topic morpheme, I have learned about :</span></div>
<ol>
<li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">free/bound morpheme</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">allomorphs</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">zero allomorphs</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">inflectional and derivational morphology. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Two or more morphemes combined where one is the morpheme which can stand
on its own, whilst the other added morphemes cannot stand on its own. For
example, “happy” is the basic morpheme which can occur on its own but “un” is
the added morpheme which cannot stand on its own. Such morphemes are called <span style="color: red;">free and bound morphemes</span> respectively. Thus in the
above examples, “ happy”, live, please and man” are free morphemes, whereas all
others, like “un, ness, ly, hood, dis, and ant” are all bound morphemes. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Next is <span style="color: red;">allomorph</span> which refers to a
variant of a morpheme. Such variance occurs due to the phonological
conditioning of the surrounding sounds. For example the “[s]”morpheme in
English which indicates plurality or third person singular present tense has
three allomorphs. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While <span style="color: red;">zero allomorph</span> is the term given to
the unit involved when a morpheme changes status from one type of morpheme to
another without any addition or subtraction of any of its parts. Zero allomorph
is spoken of, therefore, in a situation where there is no overt change in the </span><span style="height: 10px; margin-left: 208px; margin-top: 26px; position: absolute; width: 8px; z-index: 251658240;"><img height="10" src="file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="8" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">item. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 132.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">An <span style="color: red;">inflection</span>
is an affix used to change form and function only from the grammatical point
with no change in part of speech of the word as seen below:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: 90.6pt; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 5.15pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 67.85pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 67.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.45pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 90.65pt; mso-element-top: 5.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 132.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Walk{s}</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 90.65pt; mso-element-top: 5.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 132.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Walk{ed}</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 90.65pt; mso-element-top: 5.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 132.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Walk{ing}</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: 90.65pt; mso-element-top: 5.15pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 132.75pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 132.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 132.75pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 132.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While <span style="color: red;">derivations</span> (derivational
morphology) is an affix used to change form and meaning from lexical point with
a change in part of speech sometimes as seen below:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 423.6pt;" valign="top" width="565"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Universe (noun) ambition (noun) protect (verb)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Universal (adjective) ambitious (adjective) protective (adjective)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Universality (noun) ambitiousness (noun) protection (noun)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">University (noun) protectiveness
(noun)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A morpheme can be a word whilst a word is not necessarily a morpheme but
may consist of many morphemes. For example :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 459.0pt;" valign="top" width="612"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">monomorphemic words : I, we, you, go, ball, as, when,
how</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dimorphemic words : comes, manual, wherever, prettiest, household,
forever</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">polymorphemic words : disinclined, uncompromising,
indeterminable, uncivilized, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> biodegradable
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 46.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">More information on:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 46.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm">http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 46.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/morpheme.htm">http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/morpheme.htm</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="tab-stops: 46.5pt;">
<br /></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-18110910488610237662012-02-04T04:14:00.000-08:002012-02-04T04:14:28.154-08:00week 4 (Holiday)<div style="text-align: center;">
Happy New Year of the Dragon. 龙年快乐!</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPjgNCVtV4gAD7agk6pbsPuIxzFHuqpEzgAMbwKzbnprWcXq-wixjdBoKP8AxmD36PMKSj6m29KP6-eAu3oInT0-m7ibqO9gCMxG2DdOEHkmdTKN911DXUo43-BK3omtZC6P0hZZcI7bIw/s1600/CNY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPjgNCVtV4gAD7agk6pbsPuIxzFHuqpEzgAMbwKzbnprWcXq-wixjdBoKP8AxmD36PMKSj6m29KP6-eAu3oInT0-m7ibqO9gCMxG2DdOEHkmdTKN911DXUo43-BK3omtZC6P0hZZcI7bIw/s320/CNY.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span class="xh12"></span><span class="xh12"></span><br />
<br />
The Dragon is magnificent. In China, the Dragon is the imperial symbol,
the sign of the emperor and the male element of Yang. The Dragon is also
synonymous with power and wealth.<br />
<br />
The Dragon falls on the following years: 1916, 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, and 2012.<br />
<br />
It is said that people born in the year of the Dragon carry a natural
charisma and are gifted with power and luck. They are egoistical and
ambitious, almost to the point of megalomania, and will stop at nothing
to get what they want. They can be successful as actors, singers,
bankers, financiers, politicians, pharmacists and quite comfortable in
the place of many other professions. Some famous people born in the year
of the Dragon are Bruce Lee (1940), Florence Nightingale (1820), Paul
Allen (1952), and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844).<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="xh12"></span><img align="right" alt="Chinese New Year of the Dragon" height="200" src="http://www.echineselearning.com/image/2009/long-001.jpg" style="margin-left: 6px;" title="Chinese New Year of the Dragon" width="200" />eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-35601244784433544542012-02-03T08:17:00.000-08:002012-02-03T08:17:04.070-08:00Reflection week 3<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In week 3 we have
learned about pronunciation, production of sound which are air stream
mechanisms, articulatory organs, larynx functions. Besides that, I learned
about the categorization and description of sounds, and also the articulatory
and acoustic parameters of segmental in English.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Each day we may utter
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how we do it. Although communication through speech is our most common form of
communication, the study of the production of speech is the farthest removed of
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For example, few
speakers have any precise notion of what is physically involved in the
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">This lack of intuition
where the production of speech sounds is concerned is all the more surprising
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<![endif--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><a href="http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/phonemic-chart">http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/phonemic-chart. </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For week 3, we have
completed two activities which are making our own mime video and present two
tongue twisters in front of the class. My group had produced a mime video
entitle “The Teeth” and we have do our best for this video. We watched the mime
video that had been done by every group and I found that all the mime were
funny and interesting. I enjoy it so much where I can see every group had done
their best for this activity. H<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ere is our video.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/qGQHa96In7k?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Besides</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">all of us has
done tongue twister where every group have different and interesting tongue
twister to present in front of the class for the next period. My group had
present on these two tongue twisters. I have practice two of this tongue
twister and can say it as fast as I can many times. It was a very enjoyable and
interesting activity where the whole class has to practise all the tongue
twister which have been present by all the group. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">First tongue twister </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">How many cookies could a good cook cook </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If a good cook could cook cookies?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A good cook could cook </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">as much cookies as a good cook </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">who could cook cookies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Second tongue twister <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Six sick hicks </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">nick six slick </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">bricks with picks and sticks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">So, basically a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tongue-twister is a phrase that is designed
to be difficult to </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">articulate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> properly, and
can be used as a type of spoken (or sung) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">word game</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Some
tongue-twisters produce results which are humorous (or humorously vulgar) when
they are mispronounced, while others simply rely on the confusion and mistakes
of the speaker for their amusement value. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tongue-twisters may
rely on rapid alternation between similar but distinct </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">phonemes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (e.g., <i>s</i> <span class="ipa">[s]</span> and <i>sh</i> <span class="ipa">[ʃ]</span>), unfamiliar
constructs in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">loanwords</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, or other features of a spoken language in
order to be difficult to articulate. For example, the following sentence was
claimed as "the most difficult of common English-language
tongue-twisters" by </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">William Poundstone</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The seething sea
ceaseth and thus the seething sea sufficeth us.</span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Many tongue-twisters
use a combination of alliteration and rhyme.</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> They have two
or more sequences of sounds</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;"></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> that require repositioning the tongue
between syllables, then the same sounds are repeated in a different sequence.
An example of this is the song </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none;">Betty Botter</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Betty Botter
bought a bit of butter.<br />
The butter Betty Botter bought was a bit bitter<br />
And made her batter bitter.<br />
But a bit of better butter makes better batter.<br />
So Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter<br />
Making Betty Botter's bitter batter better</span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">More examples of
interesting tongue twisters can be found at this web site </span><a href="http://www.uebersetzung.at/twister/en.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.uebersetzung.at/twister/en.htm</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-29732331411933396552012-02-03T07:26:00.000-08:002012-02-03T07:29:28.520-08:00Reflection week 2<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US">In week 2, we learned more about language. Language is an abstraction
resultant from the linguistics behaviour of its
users. We need a science of language which is a systematic study of language to
study and describe this abstraction. So this is what known as linguistics that
scientific, systematic, objective study of language. To transfer this
abstraction into concrete terms, we have to have the necessary medium. Firstly
speech, since most individuals learn to speak language first before they write
and then writing. Considering speech and writing separately, we know that
speech is the association of sound, symbol and meaning. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Moreover, in week 2, we have to carry out a dialogue session where we
insert at least 5 functions in our dialogue. My group (Christine, Jessica,
Lydia and I) had done a dialogue between flight attendant and passenger inside
the aircraft. We had discussed the function of each sentence and below are our
script. After we have carried out the dialogue, we had chosen three members
from our class to identify the function in our dialogue. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Group member : Christine Jane</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Jessica Jannet</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Lydia Bunsu</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Tan Siang
Eing </span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Scene 1 </span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Situation: passengers aboard the
aircraft and the flight attendants greet/welcome them. </span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flight Attendant
1: Welcome aboard. Before we depart, as a reminder, you should </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">switch off all
your electric devices to prevent any interference </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">with the
aircraft systems and fasten your seatbelt. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[ Function
= to inform ]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flight
Attendant 2: Excuse me, Miss. Our airline company is conducting a survey </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> about the
quality of our customer service. Can you do me a </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">favour by
responding to this survey? </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[
Function = to ask for a favour ] </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Passenger 1 : sure, no problem. But why do we need
to respond to this survey?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> [ Function : to obtain information ]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flight Attendant
2 : Well Miss, this is because we want to improve ourselves and thus</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> we can
provide the best services to our passengers. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[
Function = to clarify ] </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Passenger 1: Oh, now I understand . It’s good
to know that your company has taken this initiative to improve the quality if
your services.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> [ Function : to agree ] </span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Scene
2 </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Situation : passenger 2 is coughing
and she push the button on the top of her head. </span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flight
Attendant 1: Yes Miss, how can I help you? <span style="color: red;">[ Function
= to ask ]</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Passenger 2: I have a sore throat. Can I change
this cold orange juice for a </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">glass of warm
water? <span style="color: red;">[ Function = to ask ] </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Flight
Attendant 1 : Sure, Miss. I ‘ll bring
it to you soon. </span></div>
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<br /></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4655915532559340090.post-57606472985319604022012-02-03T07:10:00.000-08:002012-02-03T07:14:45.387-08:00Reflection week 1<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">For this semester I
have an interesting subject which is English For Language Teachers and being
taught by Madam Ira. For the first week, we have been introduced to language
and communication. What do people know when they know a language? We would think that this is an easy question
to answer since, as a speaker of it, we all use our language frequently. The
situation is rather like driving a car. Many people drive a car perfectly well
without knowing how the car works. In the case of languages the situation is
more difficult in that languages are not physical object like cars. They exist
only within the minds of speakers. There are many theories about how language
works, but the more language is studied the more complex it seems to become. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">When people know a
language they must know how speech sounds relate to meanings. When speaking we
produce sounds and our hearers hear sound. Speech sounds are the medium we use
to represent what it is we are saying, that is, they represent content or
meaning and both the speaker and hearer normally know the meanings which are
conveyed by the sounds produced by a speaker (always provided that both the
speaker and hearer speak the same language). But sounds convey meaning only
indirectly. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Language can be seen as
sound organized into units of form and function with meaning, contextualized in
reality. Language can also be seen as a system of signals by which we
communicate. Overall:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Language is a code</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Linguistic symbols have function and form</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Linguistic units are constructed according to rules</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iv.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Language is specifically human</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>v.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Language use is creative</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>vi.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Language use is constrained </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Besides that, I get to
know more about communication from our lecture. Communication is a wide –
ranging term, but the context which we are reffering to is the context of human
communication. Human communication has many variables. The first subdivision of
communication is between non – vocal and vocal communication, which can be
further subdivided into non – speech and speech. Here is more information on language
</span> </span><a href="http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/la5.shtml"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/la5.shtml</span></a><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>eing einghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09195847343127651464noreply@blogger.com0